Richard, Duke of York, initially served as Protector of the Realm during King Henry VI's bouts of mental illness. His assertive role and claim to the throne alarmed the Lancastrians and precipitated armed conflict. After years of battles, including the famous Battle of St Albans (1455), Richard was killed in the Battle of Wakefield (1460), but his

The House of York, one of the two great royal houses vying for the English throne during the turbulent Wars of the Roses, stands as a symbol of ambition, power, and tragic downfall. The destruction of the Yorkist dynasty not only reshaped medieval England's political landscape but also left an indelible mark on the nation’s history. This article

New archaeological discoveries and scientific dating techniques have prompted scholars to reevaluate timelines and cultural connections. For example, some researchers now explore the possibility of a much older and more widespread Indus Valley Civilization, challenging the previous narrative of it being limited to the northwest. In the medieval

British colonialism (18th–20th centuries) dramatically altered India’s political and economic landscape. The British Raj not only imposed foreign rule but also shaped the historiography of India. Colonial historians often portrayed Indian society as stagnant or backward, justifying imperial rule as a “civilizing mission.” This Eurocentric n